Wikipedia explains a false negative Rinne test

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinne_test

Air conduction uses the apparatus of the ear (pinna, eardrum and ossicles) to amplify and direct the sound whereas bone conduction bypasses some or all of these and allows the sound to be transmitted directly to the inner ear albeit at a reduced volume, or via the bones of the skull to the opposite ear.

In a normal ear, air conduction (AC) is better than bone conduction (BC)
AC > BC, and this is called a positive Rinne.
In conductive hearing loss, bone conduction is better than air
BC > AC, a negative Rinne.
In sensorineural hearing loss, bone conduction and air conduction are both equally depreciated, maintaining the relative difference of
AC > BC, a positive Rinne.
In sensorineural hearing loss patients there may be a false negative Rinne
BC > AC, a negative Rinne.

Note that the words positive and negative are used in a somewhat confusing fashion here, other than their normal use in medical tests. Positive or negative means that a certain parameter that was evaluated was present or not. In this case, that parameter is if air conduction (AC) is better than bone conduction (BC). Thus, a "positive" result indicates the healthy state, in contrast to many other medical tests.

[edit] Hazards
This test, WITH (not and--Michelle) its complement the Weber test, are quick screening tests and are no replacement for formal audiometry.
Retrieved 26 SEPT 2008

+ Rinne  - Rinne (the criteria AC > BC not met)
AC > BC  BC > AC
normal   conductive loss
SN loss
         SN loss can be missed if pt responds here (FALSE NEGATIVE) instead of 

here       

THEREFORE, you need the Weber test to determine whether there is
SN loss. That test can detect a unilateral sensorineural hearing loss when the unaffected ear responds.

Here is the chart in wikipedia.

	Weber without lateralization	Weber Lateralizes Left (Louder in Left)	Weber Lateralizes Right (Louder in Right)
Rinne Both Ears AC>BC	Normal	Sensorineural Loss in Right	Sensorineural Loss in Left
Rinne Left BC>AC		Confirm Conductive Loss in Left
Rinne Right BC>AC			Confirm Conductive Loss in Right

Sample Problems to Prepare for Exam 1

SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS (from Dr. Laws' updates on webct)

Frequency can be found by:
a dividing the frequency by one – f / 1
b multiplying the frequency by the period - f x t
c dividing the period into one – 1 / t
d dividing one into the period – t / 1

Which of the following tuning fork tests is a test where the examiner's hearing is
compared to the client's?
a Schwaback
b Rinne
c Bing
d Weber

In the case of a CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS
a we would expect a negative Rinne
b we would expect a positive Rinne

The period can be found by:
a dividing one into the frequency – f / 1
b dividing frequency into one – 1 / f
c multiplying the frequency by the period – f x T
d multiplying the period by the frequency – t x f

The increases and decreases in sound pressure when two tones of ALMOST identical frequency are placed into the same environment are known as:
a Joules
b beats
c dynes
d ergs

Reminders from Dr. Laws sent to ALL via webct mail:
* Hi Everyone: Now - to score the exams. Blackboard automatically takes the number possible and divides it into the number you got correct. That give a percentage. Well, that is not exactly how we are going to do it. I take the highest grade in the class for that exam and I use that number to divide into each of your scores. So if the highest exam is one where someone did not miss a single question then the highest score and the total number for the exam will be the same number. However, very seldom does anyone get all of the questions correct. Therefore we have an "adjusted high score" which we divide into your score. You should, as I do, keep a record the the adjusted high score for each exam. At the end of the course I add up the adjusted high scores and divide that number into your total correct scores = a percentage = a final grade. D. Laws Sent: September 16, 2008 1:48 PM
* The EXAM 1 is fairly heavily weighted toward tuning fork tests. By the way, whenever you discuss exams ALWAYS use the number of the exam - - - - like EXAM 2 - - - - - and not like EXAM. With three classes going it gets impossible around here some times. D. Laws Sent: September 5, 2008 9:39 AM
* All exams are electronic at your site. All exams are multiple choice. Sent September 2, 2008 2:26 PM
* You should be reading Chap 1-2-3 in preparation for Exam 1. Look at the calendar for the times and dates of exams. D. Laws You should also be reading and studying Chap 8-9-10 from now until Exam 4 Sent: September 1, 2008 7:46 PM

Some sample physics problems

These are based on the order found in
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=REA%27s+%22Physics+Problem+Solver%22+%22Dr.+M.+Fogiel%22+

I. f * λ = v

  wave frequency * wavelength = wave velocity

  Calculator: http://www.sengpielaudio.com/calculator-wavelength.htm

(1a) The velocity of sound in air at 18'C (a common room temp) is 34,000 cm/sec
Is a 2-cm wave in air audible?
freq = velocity/length = 34,000/2 = 17,000 = 17 kHz
Yes. This is within the audible range (20 Hz - 20kHz)

Notes: Since sound is a compression wave its speed is proportional to temperature. The hotter the air, the closer the moecules are, and the faster a compression wave can travel through them. I need a solid reference for the audible range. Hz is cycles of vibration per second. kHz is 1000 cycles per second. Say [herts].


(1b) Here is a sample solved problem for radio waves, which uses the same equations:
"For example, radio station KUGN broadcasts at a frequency of 590 KHz. What is the wavelength of the radio wave?"
http://physics.uoregon.edu/~soper/Light/frequency.html

Distance Education Office

2008 - USU • (435) 797-9700 • (800) 233-2137
http://distance.usu.edu/htm/contact/
E-Mail: distance.info@usu.edu
office webmaster
Club Distance <exam.request@aggiemail.usu.edu>

If you don't hear back within two days after submitting a testing request, you need to call them and ask what has happened to your request! (per Tara today at 2:15 PDT)

----------------
A fellow student :-) has left comments:
When your email confirmation arrives, it will probably be filtered as spam (as mine was) and the subject lines look like spam. At least, in the past mine have had this subject line:RE: [ezplug] Submission from: CE - Distance Education - Request Exam‏Often all you see is "RE: [ezplug]" and go "ok that's junk" but it isn't ... that is the confirmation email!

...Also, you might tell you proctor that when they receive the password (also by email), it may be filtered to their spam mail and / or look like spam.

Hope this helps others!-e

Scheduling an exam

We need to schedule our exams at least 2 business days in advance of the exam (or 3 days in advance, depending on which web-page of the following you look at)!

who can proctor a test: http://distance.usu.edu/htm/online/testing

After submitting a request, the info is emailed (via the institution's e-address) to the proctor, who cannot be your supervisor: http://distance.usu.edu/htm/online/testing/request_exam


This FAQ is about the test environment: http://distance.usu.edu/htm/faq/faq_t=62

USU FALL 2008 Calendar

Fa08 COMD 3700 XL - Fa08 COMD 3700 XL - 200840

Chapter Date         Topic
1       August 25    Module 1, Profession
8-9-10
2       September 1  Module 2, Simple Tests
3       September 8  Module 3, Acoustics Review
3       September 15 Module 4, Calibration
4       September 22 Module 5, PT Audiometry I
September 24 EXAM 1 (Modules 1-4)
September 27 EXAM 1 ENDS


4       September 29 Module 6, PT Audiometry II
4       October 6    Module 7, Masking I
4       October 13   Module 8, Masking II
5       October 20   Module 9, Speech Aud
October 22 EXAM 2 (Modules 5-8)
October 25 EXAM 2 ENDS

5       October 27   Module 10, Speech Aud
6       November 3   Module 11, Immitance I
November 5 EXAM 3 (Modules 9-10))
November 8 EXAM 3 ENDS

6       November 10   Module 12, Immitance II
6       November 17   Module 13, Acoustic Reflex
November 19 EXAM 4 (Modules 11-13)
November 22 EXAM 4 ENDS

8-9-10  November 24   Module 14, Disorders I
9-9-10  December 1    Module 15, Disorders II
December 3 EXAM 5 (Modules 14-15)
December 6 EXAM 5 ENDS